Read Online Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty By James A. Robinson
Download Mobi Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty By James A. Robinson
Download Mobi Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Read PDF Sites No Sign Up - As we know, Read PDF is a great way to spend leisure time. Almost every month, there are new Kindle being released and there are numerous brand new Kindle as well.
If you do not want to spend money to go to a Library and Read all the new Kindle, you need to use the help of best free Read PDF Sites no sign up 2020.
Read Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Link Doc online is a convenient and frugal way to read Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Link you love right from the comfort of your own home. Yes, there sites where you can get Doc "for free" but the ones listed below are clean from viruses and completely legal to use.
Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Doc By Click Button. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty it’s easy to recommend a new book category such as Novel, journal, comic, magazin, ect. You see it and you just know that the designer is also an author and understands the challenges involved with having a good book. You can easy klick for detailing book and you can read it online, even you can download it
Ebook About Brilliant and engagingly written, Why Nations Fail answers the question that has stumped the experts for centuries: Why are some nations rich and others poor, divided by wealth and poverty, health and sickness, food and famine? Is it culture, the weather, geography? Perhaps ignorance of what the right policies are? Simply, no. None of these factors is either definitive or destiny. Otherwise, how to explain why Botswana has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world, while other African nations, such as Zimbabwe, the Congo, and Sierra Leone, are mired in poverty and violence? Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson conclusively show that it is man-made political and economic institutions that underlie economic success (or lack of it). Korea, to take just one of their fascinating examples, is a remarkably homogeneous nation, yet the people of North Korea are among the poorest on earth while their brothers and sisters in South Korea are among the richest. The south forged a society that created incentives, rewarded innovation, and allowed everyone to participate in economic opportunities. The economic success thus spurred was sustained because the government became accountable and responsive to citizens and the great mass of people. Sadly, the people of the north have endured decades of famine, political repression, and very different economic institutions—with no end in sight. The differences between the Koreas is due to the politics that created these completely different institutional trajectories. Based on fifteen years of original research Acemoglu and Robinson marshall extraordinary historical evidence from the Roman Empire, the Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa to build a new theory of political economy with great relevance for the big questions of today, including: - China has built an authoritarian growth machine. Will it continue to grow at such high speed and overwhelm the West? - Are America’s best days behind it? Are we moving from a virtuous circle in which efforts by elites to aggrandize power are resisted to a vicious one that enriches and empowers a small minority? - What is the most effective way to help move billions of people from the rut of poverty to prosperity? More philanthropy from the wealthy nations of the West? Or learning the hard-won lessons of Acemoglu and Robinson’s breakthrough ideas on the interplay between inclusive political and economic institutions? Why Nations Fail will change the way you look at—and understand—the world.Book Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Review :
Encyclopedic knowledge apparently fools everyone. Consider the elements of the so-called theory: contingency (chance), critical junctures, virtuous circles, vicious circles, and political or cultural drift. Each is non-quantitative and subjective, perfectly able to fit into whatever historical narrative you have in order to 'explain' whatever cherry-picked cases you have. Together they make a great example of a theory that explains everything (via tweaking), and therefore explains nothing. Then you have vague, un-quantified 'inclusive' and 'exclusive' economic and political systems, which via all the historical anecdotes are seen to be perfect correlates of successful or failed (respectively) nations. Nations are in no sense quantitatively classified according to these economic or governing principles, and when it is convenient various states are compared across pre / post industrial revolution times -- as if the entire world had not changed in the mean time! In the end, then, all you have is a bunch of secret sauce. The authors begin by (in their minds) debunking quantitative factors such as poor tropical soils, disease, ignorance (of economics), lack of resources, poor education, climate, and so on by pointing out exceptions, failing to notice that a multi-factor situation will usually have exceptions to each factor considered in isolation, and also failing to notice that later in the book they imply the significance of some of the very factors they have debunked. Most of the book is made up of cherry-picked history -- very good history as a matter of fact -- to illustrate the use of their vaguely defined factors, which really amounts to intellectual use of anecdotes. To give you a sense of the authors' failure to grasp the concept of theory, near the end they provide a trivial anecdote as proof against the 'theory of simple solutions.' I'd like to know where that theory is described! Clearly, not only are most of their critical terms undefined, to the authors theory itself is undefined. There are no statistics, no quantification, so even the success or failure of a nation is according to their subjective judgment, and they are forced to use extreme cases to make their points. In sum then, they are moving away from a scientific and toward a subjective social, soft explanation, which begs many questions. Ultimately, disappointingly nothing is causal, all is contingent. Really? I bought this book because it was the first one found on the particular subject of “Failed Nations” since I had read “The Collapse of complex Societies” by Joseph Tainter. The two books however are entirely different in the way they answer the fundamental question as this is why nations fail.Tainter’s theory is that powerful nations collapse because their institutions have become more and more complex and require more and more effort from their citizens with less and less to show for it, with the result that the fringes of the state start to crumble and the people either die off or move away. He cites many examples but the main ones he concentrates upon are Lowland Classic Maya of Central America, the Western Roman Empire, and the collapse of the Chacoan civilization of northern New Mexico . He argues that States ruling without competition compared with those ruling in polities of equal strength, leads him to the conclusion that collapse can only occur in a power vacuum.The authors of this book take an entirely different approach. Their arguments are primarily ones which are based on economical and political institutions . They firmly reject that there are arguments that the reasons nations fail are due to geographic, cultural or ignorance. But they do recognize that all have one thing in common and that the rule is by a narrow elite whose main focus is on maintaining and/or expanding their own interests at the expense of the rest of the population which they govern.The following is a summary of the contents of this book, which I will comment on later :Chapter 1 SO CLOSE AND YET SO DIFFERENT Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, have the same people, culture, and geography. Why is one rich and one poor?Chapter 2 THEORIES THAT DON'T WORK Poor countries are poor not because of their geographies or cultures, or because their leaders do not know which policies will enrich their citizens. The interests of narrow elites and the long agony of the Congo.Chapter 3 THE MAKING OF PROSPERITY AND POVERTY How prosperity and poverty are determined by the incentives created by institutions, and how politics determines what institutions a nation has. Extractive and inclusive economic and political institutionsChapter 4 SMALL DIFFERENCES AND CRITICAL JUNCTURES: THE WEIGHT OF HISTORY How institutions change through political conflict and how the past shapes the present. The Black Death, the contingent path of history.Chapter 5 "I'VE SEEN THE FUTURE, AND IT WORKS": GROWTH UNDER EXTRACTIVE INSTITUTIONS What Stalin, King Shyaam, the Neolithic Revolution, and the Maya city-states all had in common and how this explains why China's current economic growth cannot lastChapter 6 DRIFTING APART How institutions evolve over time, often slowly drifting apart – Venice, Roman virtues and vices, Roman Britain, Diverging paths.Chapter 7 THE TURNING POINT How a political revolution in 1688 changed institutions in England and led to the Industrial RevolutionChapter 8 NOT ON OUR TURF: BARRIERS TO DEVELOPMENT Why the politically powerful in many nations opposed the Industrial Revolution and enduring backwardness: Ottoman Empire, Spain, Hapsburg and Russian Empires, Ming and Qing dynasties, Somalia,Chapter 9 REVERSING DEVELOPMENT How European colonialism impoverished large parts of the world – Dutch East Indies, African slave trade, South African apartheid.Chapter 10 THE DIFFUSION OF PROSPERITY How some parts of the world took different paths to prosperity from that of Britain – Australia, the French Revolution, Europe, Japan; The roots of world inequality.Chapter 11 THE VIRTUOUS CIRCLE How institutions that encourage prosperity create positive feedback loops that prevent the efforts by elites to undermine them. British Reform acts, Trust busting in the US, Failed attempts to pack Supreme Courts.Chapter 12 THE VICIOUS CIRCLE How institutions that create poverty generate negative feedback loops and endure. Collapse of infrastructure in Sierra Leone, Land grab in Guatemala, Slavery to Jim Crow, Oligarchy in Ethiopia.Chapter 13 WHY NATIONS FAIL TODAY Institutions, institutions, institutions and why nations fail. ; Zimbabwe, Sierra Leone, Colombia, Argentina, North Korea, Uzbekistan, Egypt,Chapter 14 BREAKING THE MOLD How a few countries changed their economic trajectory by changing their institutions. Botswana, US Civil Rights, China’s rebirthChapter 15 UNDERSTANDING PROSPERITY AND POVERTY How the world could have been different and how understanding this can explain why most attempts to combat poverty have failed – Authoritarian growth (China), Failure of foreign aid (Afghanistan),Empowerment (Brazil)The main thesis that the authors put forward is fairly straightforward. First of all the state must be sufficiently centralized that its rulers and ruling elite can actually govern it. The second is that Economic and Political institutions established in the state are inclusive enough that a significant portion of the population have significant powers to prevent the control by a narrow elite, and that the state is governed by the rule of law in which the rights of all – justice, property, education, economic and political - are adequately protected and are difficult to be removed.The concept of contingent events – like the Black Death in which a major portion of the population died, provided an opportunity for a slow but sure change in the political development of western European countries as the rulers had to start to take into account the needs and demands of those which supported them – leading to the development of large cities, with merchants and guilds. Another was the discovery of the Americas which – particularly in Latin America – was primarily a looting operation that simply replaced the native ruling elites with European ones.The authors use the establishment of the North American colonies (which was a century later than that of Latin America) to describe how those colonists found it extremely difficult to exploit the local population and had to be self sufficient for their own survival. The slow development of a larger more wealthy portion of the English populations led to the English Civil War, and the eventual establishment of a more constitutional monarchy. This is described in some detail in Chapter 7 and showed how Britain and subsequently the US industrialized and slowly established more and more inclusive institutions which are so important for the development of their modern democracies.There are course, many descriptions of the ups and downs of this progress, but the book does an excellent job of explaining the successes and failures of various states in all continents of the world – and why this has resulted in the current world political reality.The difficulty I have with this book is that the authors are unable to offer solutions to dealing with the problems of failed states. I suppose that is probably too much to ask for, and the final chapter makes an effort to address this issue – which is more or less an appeal to influential persons to be informed of the failures of aid programs to alleviate poverty, and to understand why those policies may fail if the funds only end up in the hands of the oligarchic rulers. And they certainly do not address the many powerful international organizations such as FIFA, IOC, (and to some extent the UNO) which are observably corrupt and tend only to serve the “narrow elite ” who run those organizations.I am also dubious about some of the arguments used in favour of “Creative Destruction” which seem to be more effective in more successful democracies than those which are anything but democratic. What is the purpose of creative destruction when it can also destroy the foundations of a developing state?.I do agree that the development of a successful state is a slow one – although it appears that the French experience after the Revolution and the Napoleonic era effectively swept away the institutions of the old regime, such that a new structure had to be created in its place – and today (even if you do not agree with its political philosophies) it is one of the more powerful and successful democracies. And I agree with the proposition that you cannot legislate prosperity. I think, however, that the authors are being somewhat optimistic in arguing that current success stories will actually lead to long term success.What is interesting about the book is the there is little or no discussion on the impact of religion on the development of the state which is probably just as well, because once you can get on that topic then you enter the realm of beliefs and articles of faith, and any possibility of reasoned analysis tends to be glossed over as irrelevant.I found this book to be very readable and the arguments in support of their thesis very easy to follow. But as they say, economics is a dismal science and there are indeed few heroes and many villains in this account. I can understand why this book has been so well received, because it is provides strong justification as to why the western democracies have been so successful. I would certainly recommend it to other readers who have similar interests to my own. I give it 5 stars. Read Online Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Download Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty PDF Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Mobi Free Reading Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Download Free Pdf Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty PDF Online Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Mobi Online Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Reading Online Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty Read Online James A. Robinson Download James A. Robinson James A. Robinson PDF James A. Robinson Mobi Free Reading James A. Robinson Download Free Pdf James A. Robinson PDF Online James A. Robinson Mobi Online James A. Robinson Reading Online James A. RobinsonRead King of Campus (Barnett Bulldogs Book 1) By Jennifer Sucevic
Read The Answer Is . . .: Reflections on My Life By Alex Trebek
Download PDF Finger Prints By Barbara Delinsky
Read Loved by Liam (Vested Interest: ABC Corp Book 3) By Melanie Moreland
Download PDF Brotherhood in Death By J. D. Robb
Read The Laws of Human Nature By Robert Greene
Download Mobi A Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts By Andrew Chaikin,Tom Hanks
Comments
Post a Comment